Structure Analysis

Thesis Statement

In the opening paragraph [Sec. #1], as highlighted in the following quotes, the last sentence would be the thesis statement for the reasons. First, it contains the keyword a Martian plague, tagalong organisms,harming Earth's biosphere

, which discuss throughout the entire essay. In addition, the key phrase in this article is the prevention of harm to Earth's biosphere while space adventure by Law and higher precise room technology.

"It is possible that on Mars there are pathogens," he wrote, “organisms which, if transported to the terrestrial environment, might do enormous biological damage — a Martian plague. ►" Michael Crichton imagined a related scenario in his novel "The Andromeda Strain." ► Such situations, in which extraterrestrial samples contain dangerous tagalong organisms, are examples of backward contamination, or the risk of material from other worlds harming Earth's biosphere.► "The likelihood that such pathogens exist is probably small," Sagan wrote, “but we cannot take even a small risk with a billion lives."

Essay Outline

[Sec. #1] - The possibility that life already existed on the red planet and that it might not play nice.
The topic of this section is made very clear in the first quoted statement in this section The possibility that life already existed on the red planet and that it might not play nice., and the rest of the section talks about if there are Martian creatures or pathogens. If they come to the earth and accidentally pollute the planet. It is likely to cause catastrophe in the earth's biosphere!
[Sec. #2] - No existing lab was contained and clean enough for NASA to carry the sample back from Mars.
It is built on schedule, without disruption from political or public challenges. In addition to our aggressive construction of this facility, we also need a new regulatory legal system and clean technology to manage it properly.

[Sec. #1]

Coherence

Para #1 - Section #1 is the first paragraph that follows the opening paragraph; in the first paragraph of the first section, the author opens the scene of this article with the book Carl Sagan's Cosmic Connection and implies that there may be living matter on the red planet! When Carl Sagan imagined sending humans to Mars in his book "The Cosmic Connection," published in 1973, he posed a problem beyond such a mission's cost and complexity: the possibility that life already existed on the red planet and that it might not play nice.
Para #2 - In the second paragraph, the author uses Michael Crichton to imagine a related scene from his novel The Andromeda Strain and then makes extensive use of the keywords "organisms," "pathogen," "Mars," "a Martian plague, "strain," and "extraterrestrial" Words like "sample," "biosphere," "lives" continue to paint the scene vividly. It is possible that on Mars there are pathogens....

Cohesion

Para #1 - In the first sentence of the first paragraph,the possibility that life already existed on the red planet. The author first breaks the topic with this sentence, giving readers a preliminary hint at the content of this article.
Para #2 - This paragraph initiates and focuses on It is possible that on Mars there are pathogens...extraterrestrial samples contain dangerous tagalong organisms... and The risk of material from other worlds harming Earth's biosphere, explaining the potential risks to Earth's ecology from extraterrestrial creatures.

[Sec. #2]

Coherence

Para #1 - In the first paragraph of the second section, the author uses the "have long considered" and " over the approaching decade," opening a new argument. Scientists have long considered Sagan's warnings in mostly hypothetical terms. But over the approaching decade,they will start to act concretely on backward contamination risks.
Para #2 - In the second paragraph, the author uses the sentence "in this case" to extend the argument in paragraph 1 and likes to stress and hint that it is a very critical subject by "carefully." "Carefully," in this case, means that once the Mars samples drop to Earth,....

Cohesion

Para #2 - In the first sentence of the first paragraph,"Carefully," in this case, means that once the Mars samples drop to Earth, they must be initially held in a structure called the Sample Receiving Facility. The author likes to mention the possibility of dangerous "Carefully" again.
Para #3 - In the last paragraph,Because no existing lab was both contained and clean enough for NASA,... The author would like to remind and express once again that there was no, and there is no proper equipment to handle this matter, up to date.

[Sec. #3]

Coherence

Para #2 - In this paragraph, the author links the article retrospectively, attempting to express the dangers that the present Martian samples may pose to humans. However, he did not describe any crisis from those previous events. Materials from around the solar system have come to Earth for study before: moon rocks and dust from American, Soviet and Chinese missions; samples from two asteroids collected by Japanese probes; and particles from solar wind and a comet gathered by spacecraft.
Para #2 - In the third paragraph, the author makes the leading suggestion to treat these samples as high-risk items! Then continue to open the discussion.We have to treat those samples as if they contain hazardous biological materials,....

Cohesion

Para #3 - In this section, the author extensively uses pronouns to repeat the arguments' main points; for example, the red planet, another planet representing Mars, in the discussion. Moreover, it replaces the objects brought back from Mars with words such as living things, biological contamination, extraterrestrial material, samples, these materials, etc.
Para #4 - The author uses the contrast between the past equipment capabilities and the current equipment requirements to express the focus of the current efforts.High-containment labs, though, work the opposite way. They maintain negative air pressure, with lower pressure inside their walls than outside. Particles can waft in, but they cannot sneak out.

[Sec. #4]

Coherence

Para #1 - The first sentence of the fourth section continues the third section's discussion direction about the facility and facility capability.In terms of structure, the Sample Receiving Facility. and Tiger Team RAMA also investigated the instruments in Earth-centric cleanrooms that scientists could use to manipulate Martian samples:
Para #5 - In paragraph 5, the author states that it would be too late to rebuild a laboratory that complies with the requirements of these scientists! But it's inevitable! Whatever NASA decides, the team's investigation suggested that the process of designing and building a sample study site could take 8 to 12 years - pushing up against the timeline for the actual sample return.

Cohesion

Para #6 - In the sixth sentence of the first paragraph, the author gradually converged on the topic on the technical side and moved the issue to the direction of people's participation and politics, making the discussion more mature. NASA wants its project to comply with international planetary-protection policies as well as its own complementary ones.
Para #7 - In the 7th sentence of the first paragraph, the author emphasizes again that people's participation and political influence are very important issues for such a long-term investment in technology! It is also a crucial problem. But engaging with the public, not just government agencies, was also key to a project's success, the team found.

[Sec. #5]

Coherence

Para #1 - Section #5 is the first paragraph that follows the opening paragraph, so its first paragraph naturally carries on to elaborate on the main topic. In the first sentence The facility's builders will have to consider the public interest, not just research when they communicate., and The perception and communication challenges NASA will face with the Sample Receiving Facility, the key phrase Facility and public interest. It is linked back to the essay's main topic, which creates a natural transition into the subtopic.
Para #2 - It expands on the previous topic about the masses, the opinion of the planet's inhabitants, and civic engagement. The author adopts Dr. Harrington's view that investment risk is nonreasonable solely from a scientist's point of view.Dr. Hanton thinks, has to come from a resident's personal viewpoint. "Not just from the scientist's perspective of learning something new," he said. "But why should the neighborhood, the region, the state, the country, embark on this investment and this risk?

Cohesion

Para #3 - In the first sentence of the first paragraph,Dr. Hanton nevertheless sees, in this extraterrestrial risk, a terrestrial boon. "It feels like it's a new problem,” he said. "It's going to need a new answer. The authors acknowledge that this is a problem for which both NASA and scientists will find solutions. We will learn a lot about these samples, bringing us many positive benefits later.
Para #4 - In the last paragraph,It could bring us a small step closer to understanding how, say, a planet produces beings that produce a spacecraft that goes to another world and then brings that world back to this one. from Dr. Harrington. The author hopes to continue the topic discussion and give readers a positive interpretation and hope.

Take-home Message

In the last paragraph of the article, the author believes that before various construction and significant decisions, it is necessary to communicate with the public and investors rather than conceal risks. The authors also quote from Dr. Hanton's thinks: it has to come from a resident's personal viewpoint. "Not just from the scientist's perspective of learning something new. The article's author is finally optimistic about this, saying that if these problems can be solved, then exploring the universe is beautiful and can give us a better understanding of how planets form!

In the end, the author tries to convince people with a more positive benefit in the last paragraph:It could bring us a small step closer to understanding how, say, a planet produces beings that produce a spacecraft that goes to another world and then brings that world back to this one.